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[外语] 最美的70个单词The 70most beautiful words in English

pumpkin ['pʌmpkin]
         
n.
【植】南瓜, 南瓜藤
[美俚]重要人物, 大亨; [美俚]头, 脑袋瓜
[美俚]乡村小镇

习惯用语
some pumpkins [美口]了不起的人物[东西]
pumpkin ash  
绒毛白蜡树
pumpkin seed  
西葫芦子,南瓜子
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与 pumpkin 相关的例句
1、Hollow out a pumpkin.    挖空南瓜
2、“What is it, Pumpkin?    “怎么了,小鬼?”
3、Apple, banana cream and pumpkin.    有苹果、香蕉奶油和南瓜派。
4、similar to pumpkin pie but made with winter squash instead of pumpkin.   
与南瓜馅饼类似,只是用冬天的南瓜汁代替了南瓜。
5、Apple, banana cream and pumpkin pie.   
有苹果馅饼、香蕉奶油馅饼和南瓜馅饼。
6、Then a piece of pumpkin pie, please.   
那就给我来一块南瓜馅饼吧。
7、A piece of pumpkin pie and coffee, please.   
请给我一块南瓜派和一杯咖啡。
8、He clove the pumpkin with his kitchen knife.   
他用菜刀把那南瓜剖开。
9、When I visited America I loved eating pumpkin pie.   
当我在美国的时候,我喜欢吃南瓜馅饼。
10、The pumpkin is a real monster.   
这南瓜可真大。
11、The fruit of any of various related plants, such as the cantaloupe, watermelon, cucumber, squash, pumpkin, and melon, having a hard or leathery rind, fleshy pulp, and numerous flattened seeds.   
瓜果任何一种相关植物的果实,例如香瓜、西瓜、黄瓜、南瓜和香瓜,长有硬且坚韧的皮、饱满的果肉和许多扁平的种子。
12、A lantern made from a hollowed pumpkin with a carved face, usually displayed on Halloween.   
杰克灯,南瓜灯把南瓜挖空并雕成人面形状,通常在万圣节出现。
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Growing a Big Pumpkin. A Really Big Pumpkin (2/1)
   Joe Jutras lives in a small state, Rhode Island, but he thinks big. This year he grew a pumpkin weighing seven hundred sixty kilograms.
His pumpkin broke the world record set in two thousand six. Another Rhode Islander, Ron Wallace, grew last year's champion. That one weighed six hundred eighty-one kilograms. Huge pumpkins like these can sell for ten thousand dollars. Some people are willing to pay hundreds of dollars for a single seed.
Sue Jutras explained to us how her husband grew his record pumpkin and a few smaller but still really big ones.He started the seeds indoors in April. When the third leaf appeared, he planted them outdoors under a temporary shelter. He removed the shelter once the root system began to push against it.
He buried the vines so the root system could continue to grow. He fed the plant a mixture containing fish and seaweed.
参考译文:
Joe Jutras住在小州---罗德岛,但是他的想法却很大。今年,他种出了重达760公斤的南瓜。
他的南瓜打破了2006年的世界纪录。去年夺冠的是另一位罗德岛居民,Ron Wallace种植的南瓜。那个南瓜重达681公斤。像这样的巨型南瓜可以卖1万美金。有些人很愿意花几百美元买一颗这种南瓜的种子。
Sue Jutras向我们解释了他丈夫是怎样种植这种破纪录的南瓜和其它一些相对较小但实际上仍然很大的南瓜。在四月,他在室内播种。当南瓜长出第三片叶子时,他将植物移种到室外一个临时小棚中。在南瓜根开始向棚伸展的时候,他将小棚移除。
他将(南瓜的)藤茎埋入土中,这样其根茎可以继续生长。他用一种含有鱼类和海藻的混合物给植物施肥。
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Growing a Big Pumpkin. A Really Big Pumpkin (2/2)
    He worked with his record-breaker twenty to thirty hours each week during the main growing season in July and August. He needed a forklift truck to carry it to the official weighing. The competition took place a few weeks ago at a fair in Topsfield, Rhode Island.
By the way, Joe Jutras is not a farmer. He operates a woodworking business -- that is, when he is not taking care of his pumpkins.
When Americans, especially children, think of pumpkins, they usually think of Halloween on October thirty-first. Pumpkins are a traditional part of the celebration. People like to cut funny or scary faces into pumpkins and put a candle inside.
Fresh pumpkins might end up as jack-o-lanterns at Halloween. But canned pumpkin meat is popular in pies, breads and other baked goods, and pumpkin seeds are eaten as snacks.Five states produced more than one hundred million dollars worth of pumpkin last year. The top producers by value were Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Illinois and California.
参考译文:
在南瓜生长季节7、8月间,他每周会花20-30小时照顾这个破记录的南瓜。他需要用铲车把这颗南瓜载到官方称重地点称重。这项比赛在几周前在罗德岛Topsfield的一个集市中开始。
顺便说一下,Joe Jutras并不是农民。他经营一家木工艺厂;更确切的说,当它不需要照顾他的南瓜时,他在经营那家工厂。
美国人,尤其是儿童,一想起南瓜,他们通常会想到10月31日的万圣节。南瓜是庆典中的传统物品。人们喜欢把南瓜雕刻成滑稽或可怕的脸孔,然后在里面放上蜡烛。
新鲜的南瓜可能最终在万圣节被雕刻成南瓜灯。但是罐装南瓜肉常用于制作馅饼、面包和其它一些烘培产品,并且,南瓜籽可被当作零食。去年,五个州种植的南瓜产值达1亿美元。产值最高的州为俄亥俄州、宾夕法尼亚州、纽约州、伊利诺州和加州。
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双语:如何制作南瓜灯
Halloween is almost upon us. Have you started unpacking your Halloween decorations to decorate your home? Do you want to make your own pumpkin carving? Today let me show you some simple instructions to carve a traditional Jack-o'-lantern.
万圣节快到了,你开始准备装饰你的屋子了吗?你想自己动手刻一盏南瓜灯吗?今天来跟我一起学做一盏传统样式的南瓜灯吧!
Carving a pumpkin into a Jack-O'-Lantern freehand is very easy and only takes a few basic tools. A large spoon or ice-cream scoop, a thin bladed knife and some newspaper will get you started.
刻一个没有提手的南瓜灯其实非常简单,只需要一些基础的工具。你需要准备一把大勺子或者一个冰激凌铲,一把薄刃的刀子和一些报纸就可以开始啦。
With a long, thin bladed knife, cut out the top of the pumpkin a few inches out from the stem. The hole should be large enough to allow you to scoop out the guts (seeds and stringy membrane) by hand and with a large spoon. Generally, the size of the hole should be about two-thirds the diameter of the pumpkin. While you can cut a round circle out, you'll find that cutting a five or six sided opening will work the best. As you cut out the top hole, angle the knife so that the lid and hole will be somewhat cone shaped. This will help prevent the lid from falling into the hole. Now use the spoon to scrap the inside walls clean.
先用薄刃的长刀从南瓜顶部切去几英寸,切出的洞必须足够你可以用勺子把里面的种子和纤维膜等杂物挖出来。一般来说,这个洞的直径大约为南瓜直径的三分之二左右。建议你挖成五边或者六边形,这样比较简单。注意切下去的时候刀子斜插进去,这样就会切成一个锥形的盖子,免得盖子掉进南瓜肚子里面去。
Inspect the surface of the pumpkin to decide the best side to carve your face. Now, visualizing the face you want to carve, use your knife to carefully cut out the individual parts of the face or you can pre-marked the pumpkin by using a Crayon to draw the face onto the surface of the pumpkin and cut through the lines you drew. When you are finished cutting, carefully push out the pieces to view the final results.
观察南瓜表皮,选好刻脸的一面。你可以先用蜡笔在表皮上画出图案,然后沿着画线刻出来。敲掉无用的部分,看看最终样子。
Make sure that you have scrapped the bottom of the pumpkin flat, so that the candle will sit level in the pumpkin. We prefer the traditional use of candles to illuminate our Jack-O'-Lanterns. A Votive candle, placed in a clear glass candle holder is safer and will actually last longer. Also, plain white candles give off the most light and will illuminate the inside of your Jack-O'-Lantern the best.
一定记得把南瓜的底部削平,好让蜡烛能够坐进去。还是推荐使用传统的蜡烛来点亮南瓜灯。在玻璃灯盏中放上蜡烛可以让它燃烧得更久,也更安全。纯白色的蜡烛点亮之后光更亮,效果也最好。
A simple Jack-O'-Lantern may not satisfy you. If you need a unique pattern of a pumpkin light to make you stand out among all the Jack-O'-Lanterns, try to download some free but interesting patterns here. You can print them  and stick it on the pumpkin to begin the carving.
嫌传统的南瓜灯不够出位?你可以点击这里下载更多的南瓜灯图案哦。把它们打印出来贴在南瓜上,就可以开始雕刻啦。
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万圣节的习俗及Halloween一词的由来
万圣节快到了,你是否也想过一过这个西方的“鬼节”呢?
在西方国家,每年的10月31日,有个“Halloween”,辞典解释为“The eve of All Saints'Day”,中文译作:“万圣节之夜”。万圣节是西方国家的传统节日。这一夜是一年中最“闹鬼”的一夜,所以也叫“鬼节”。
两千多年前,欧洲的天主教会把11月1日定为“天下圣徒之日” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) 。“HALLOW” 即圣徒之意。传说自公元前五百年,居住在爱尔兰、苏格兰等地的凯尔特人 (CELTS) 把这节日往前移了一天,即10月31日。他们认为该日是夏天正式结束的日子,也就是新年伊始,严酷的冬季开始的一天。那时人们相信,故人的亡魂会在这一天回到故居地在活人身上找寻生灵,借此再生,而且这是人在死后能获得再生的唯一希望。而活着的人则惧怕死魂来夺生,于是人们就在这一天熄掉炉火、烛光,让死魂无法找寻活人,又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂灵吓走。之后,他们又会把火种烛光重新燃起,开始新的一年的生活。传说那时凯尔特人部落还有在10月31日把活人杀死用以祭奠死人的习俗。
到了公元1世纪,占领了凯尔特部落领地的罗马人也渐渐接受了万圣节习俗,但从此废止了烧活人祭死人的野蛮做法。罗马人庆祝丰收的节日与凯尔特人仪式结合,戴着可怕的面具,打扮成动物或鬼怪,则是为了赶走在他们四周游荡的妖魔。这也就是今天全球大部分人以古灵精怪的打扮,来庆祝万圣节的由来。时间流逝,万圣节的意义逐渐起了变化,变得积极快乐起来,喜庆的意味成了主流。死魂找替身返世的说法也渐渐被摒弃和忘却。到了今天,象征万圣节的形象、图画如巫婆、黑猫等,大都有友善可爱和滑稽的脸。
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The Origin of Halloween
万圣节的起源
While there are many versions of the origins and old customs of Halloween, some remain consistent   by all accounts. Different cultures view Holloween somewhat differently but traditional Halloween practices remain the same.
尽管关于万圣节的起源和旧俗有很多不同的看法,但有一些是被所有人接受的。不同文化看待万圣节总是有点不同,但是传统的万圣节做的事情都是一样的。
Halloween culture can be traced back to the Druids, a Celtic culture in Ireland, Britain and Northern Europe. Roots lay in the feast   of Samhain, which was annually on October 31st to honor the dead.
万圣节文化可以追溯到德鲁伊教,这是一种爱尔兰、北欧和英国的凯尔特文化,根植于Samhain节的庆祝活动,Samhain节于每年的10月31日纪念逝者。
Samhain signifies "summers end" or November. Samhain was a harvest festival with huge sacred bonfires, marking the end of the Celtic year and beginning of a new one. Many of the practices involved in this celebration were fed on superstition   .
Samhain节说明夏天结束或者十一月,是一个丰收的节日。在Samhain节会燃起神圣巨大的篝火,标志着凯尔特一年的结束和新一年的开始。一些做法因为迷信被加入庆祝活动中。
The Celts believed the souls of the dead roamed the streets and villages at night. Since not all spirits were thought to be friendly, gifts and treats were left out to pacify   the evil and ensure next years crops would be plentiful. This custom evolved into trick-or-treating.
凯尔特人相信死者的灵魂会在夜里出没在街道和村庄 。因为他们认为不是所有的灵魂都是友善的,所以就把礼物和好吃的留在外面安慰恶灵来确保来年的庄稼可以丰收。这种习俗演变成了trick-or-treating。


[ 本帖最后由 安然 于 2008-10-31 23:49 编辑 ].

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The History Halloween
历史上的万圣节
Halloween is on October 31st, the last day of the Celtic calendar. It was originally   a pagan   holiday, honoring the dead. Halloween was referred to as All Hallows Eve and dates back to over 2000 years ago.
10月31日是万圣节,这也是凯尔特历的最后一天。万圣节起初是一个异教徒的节日,纪念死去的人。万圣节源于圣徒日前夜,始于2000多年前。
All Hallows Eve is the evening before All Saints Day, which was created by Christians to convert   pagans, and is celebrated on November 1st. The Catholic church honored saints on this designated day.
圣徒日前夜是圣徒日的前一天晚上,圣徒日在11月1日,是基督徒开创的节日,用来劝说异教徒皈依基督,天主教堂在这一天纪念圣徒们。
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万圣节的习俗——不请吃就捣乱
万圣节的一个有趣内容是“Trick or treat”,这习俗却并非源自爱尔兰,而是始于公元九世纪的欧洲基督教会。那时的11月2日,被基督徒们称为 “ALL SOULS DAY”(万灵之日)。在这一天,信徒们跋涉于僻壤乡间,挨村挨户乞讨用面粉及葡萄干制成的“灵魂之饼”。据说捐赠糕饼的人家都相信教会僧人的祈祷,期待由此得到上帝的佑护,让死去的亲人早日进入天堂。这种挨家乞讨的传统传至当今竟演变成了孩子们提着南瓜灯笼挨家讨糖吃的游戏。见面时,打扮成鬼精灵模样的孩子们千篇一律地都要发出“不请吃就捣乱”的威胁,而主人自然不敢怠慢,连声说“请吃!请吃!”同时把糖果放进孩子们随身携带的大口袋里。
另外还有南瓜雕空当灯笼的故事。这又是源于古代爱尔兰。故事是说一个名叫JACK的人,是个醉汉且爱恶作剧。一天 JACK 把恶魔骗上了树,随即在树桩上刻了个十字,恐吓恶魔令他不敢下来,然后 JACK 就与恶魔约法三章,让恶魔答应施法让 JACK 永远不会犯罪为条件让他下树。 JACK 死后,其灵魂却既不能上天又不能下地狱,于是他的亡灵只好靠一根小蜡烛照着指引他在天地之间倘佯。在古老的爱尔兰传说里,这根小蜡烛是在一根挖空的萝卜里放着,称作“JACK LANTERNS”,而古老的萝卜灯演变到今天,则是南瓜做的 Jack-O-Lantern 了。据说爱尔兰人到了美国不久,即发现南瓜不论从来源和雕刻来说都比萝卜胜一筹,于是南瓜就成了万圣节的宠物。
孩子们喜爱的节日
万圣节是儿童们纵情玩乐的好时候。它在孩子们眼中,是一个充满神秘色彩的节日。夜幕降临,孩子们便迫不及待地穿上五颜六色的化妆服,戴上千奇百怪的面具,提上一盏“杰克灯”跑出去玩。“杰克灯”的样子十分可爱,做法是将南瓜掏空,外面刻上笑眯眯的眼睛和大嘴巴,然后在瓜中插上一支蜡烛,把它点燃,人们在很远的地方便能看到这张憨态可掬的笑脸。
收拾停当后,一群群装扮成妖魔鬼怪的孩子手提“杰克灯”,跑到邻居家门前,威吓般地喊着:“要恶作剧还是给款待”、“给钱还是给吃的”。如果大人不用糖果、零钱款待他们,那些调皮的孩子就说到做到:好,你不款待,我就捉弄你。他们有时把人家的门把手涂上肥皂,有时把别人的猫涂上颜色。这些小恶作剧常令大人啼笑皆非。当然,大多数人家都非常乐于款待这些天真烂漫的小客人。所以万圣节前夜的孩子们总是肚子塞得饱饱的,口袋装得满满的。
万圣节前夜最流行的游戏是“咬苹果”。游戏时,人们让苹果漂浮在装满水的盆里,然后让孩子们在不用手的条件下用嘴去咬苹果,谁先咬到,谁就是优胜者。
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中国菜单中的“Pumpkin”
小米金瓜粥 Millet Congee with Pumpkin
红枣蒸南瓜 :Steamed Pumpkin with Chinese Dates
南瓜粥 :Pumpkin Porridge
川式南瓜饼 :Deep-Fried Pumpkin Cake, Sichuan Style
香脆贴饼子 :Deep -Fried Corn Cake
炸南瓜饼: Deep-Fried Pumpkin Cake
百合炒南瓜 :Sautéed Pumpkin with Lily Bulbs
杏仁炒南瓜 :Sautéed Pumpkin with Almonds
鸭黄焗南瓜 :Braised Pumpkin with Salted Egg Yolk
芝士南瓜面 :Noodles with Cheese and Pumpkin Noodles
金瓜鲔鱼炒米粉 :Fried Rice Noodles with Fish and Pumpkin
南瓜酥: Pumpkin Puff
南瓜团子 :Pumpkin Dumplings
南瓜酪 :Pumpkin Pastry
冰镇南瓜茸 :Iced Pumpkin Mash


[ 本帖最后由 安然 于 2008-11-1 00:05 编辑 ].

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英语中有趣的瓜果词汇
英语中的一些水果词汇除了表示水果本身的含义外,用在俚语、谚语和口语中还有特别的含义。
1. Apple 苹果
to be the apple of sb’s eye 某人的掌上明珠
e.g. She is the apple of her father’s eye. 她是她父亲的掌上明珠。

2. Cherry 樱桃
to have another bite at the cherry  有做某事的第二次机会
e.g. Jim failed at his first try, but he was lucky enough to have another bite at the cherry.
吉姆第一次尝试没有成功, 可幸运的是他还有一次机会.
3. Banana 香蕉
to go bananas 发怒,发狂
e.g. Dad will go bananas when he sees this.
爸爸看到这一切会发怒的.
4. Grape 葡萄
to be sour grapes 吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸
e.g. He says he didn’t want to marry her anyway, but that’s just sour grapes.
他说他根本不想娶她, 那不过是吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸罢了.
5. Gooseberry 醋栗
to play gooseberry 做不知趣的人
e.g. I didn’t wish to play gooseberry. 我不想当个不知趣的人.

6. Fig 无花果
not to care a fig for sth. 毫不理会
e.g. I don’t care a fig what others think of me. 我毫不在乎别人对我有什么想法.

7. Lemon 柠檬
to be a lemon 出毛病的东西(尤指汽车); 愚蠢的人
e.g.  He has an old Beetle and that’s a real lemon. 他有辆甲壳虫车,但老是出毛病.
I felt such a lemon when I realized I’d gone on the wrong day.
当我意识到我过去的错误时,我觉得自己简直苯极了.

8. Peach 桃子
to be a peach 美人儿; 同类事物中最好的
e.g. She’s a real peach. 她真是个美人.
That’s a peach of shot. 打得真棒.

9. Peanut 花生
to be peanuts 极少量的(尤其指钱)
e.g. She gets paid peanuts for doing that job. 她那份工作报酬极低.

10. Plum 李子
to get a plum 得到一份报酬高的工作
e.g. She’s got a plum of a job! 她得到了一份高薪的工作
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英语中的“水果语言”

    在英语口语、俚语等非正式表达中,我们常常碰到以水果、蔬菜以及其它食物来喻人、喻事的例子,我们不妨把它称为“水果语言”。它们立意新奇、形式简洁、幽默生动,比起相同意思的普通表达蕴涵着更加丰实的表现力,笔者在此整理了一些常用的“水果语言”,以飨读者。
用水果表达的:

    banana大鼻子
    go banana疯狂
    top banana喜剧主角
    banana seat自行车后座
    apple-polish拍马屁
    a smooth apple讨人喜欢的人
    an apple of discord争端;祸根
    a wise apple傲慢的年轻人
    a squeezed orange被榨干的人
    peaches and cream白里透红的面颊

    用蔬菜表达的:
    potato-head笨蛋
    a small potato微不足道的人
    hot potato棘手的事
    pudding time关键时刻
    pea soup无用的人

    用汉堡、三明治、奶酪等食物表达的:
    out of dough失业
    hard cheese倒霉
    butter up巴结;讨好
    butter fingers拿不稳东西的人
    pie in the sky渺茫的幸福;空头支票
    make hamburger out of someone把某人打得鼻青脸肿
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