英沙夫·阿哈迈德·易卜拉欣(Inshaf Ahmed Ibrahim)是一位33岁(有说35岁)的商人,出身于富裕家庭。父亲马哈茂德·尤素夫·易卜拉欣(Mohamed Yusuf Ibrahim)是斯里兰卡最大的香料出口商的老板,曾经因为替斯里兰卡赚到最多外汇而受到政府褒奖。马哈茂德在首都科伦坡是有名的慈善家,在政界里也长袖善舞广结人缘。他一共育有6个儿子,3个女儿。
1. “Sri Lankan spice tycoon’s sons and daughter-in-law were suicide bombers in Easter attacks,” by Joanna Slater & Amantha Peresa, Washington Post, 2019-4-25.
2. “The wealthy spice trader father of 2 of the Sri Lanka bombing suspects has been arrested and accused of aiding his sons,” by Ashley Collman, Business Insider in Singapore, 2019-4-25.
3. “The wealthy spice trader father of 2 of the Sri Lanka bombing suspects has been arrested and accused of aiding his sons,” by Frank Chung and Natalie Wolfe, Australia news.com, 2019-4-25.
4. “What’s behind the terrorist attacks in Sri Lanka?” by Foreign Policy Editors, 2019-4-21.
5. “Blood brothers: The wealthy family behind Sri Lanka’s suicide attacks,” The Economic Times, 2019-4-25.
6. “At a Bombed Sri Lankan Shrine, Talk of Miracles Past and Present,” by Mujib Mashal and Hannah Beech, New York Times, 2019-4-28
7. “Pastor of Sri Lankan Church Devastated By Bombing Attack Forgives Suicide Bomber,” Relevant Magazine, 2019-4-26.
8. 《斯里兰卡爆炸案中,两个巨富家庭的迥异命运》,by JEFFREY GETTLEMAN, KAI SCHULTZ, MUJIB MASHAL, RUSSELL GOLDMAN,纽约时报中文网,2019-4-29.
“萨拉夫”(Salaf)是阿拉伯语“祖先”的意思,萨拉菲主义是个逊尼派的运动,起源于18世纪,针对欧洲殖民主义的回应。它主张回归到先知穆罕默德开始的前三代伊斯兰传统 。萨拉菲主义是沙特(Saud)之家与有影响力的瓦哈卜教士(Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab)的联合。为讨论方便,本文将不分“萨拉菲主义”(Salafism)和“瓦哈比主义”(Wahhabism)这两个名词,虽然它们在历史上的意义不尽相同。
2. PBS Frontline Program Interview of Ali Al-Ahmed, 2001-11-9.
3. “Saudi Arabia Is Redefining Islam for the World's Largest Muslim Nation,” Krithika Varagur, 2017-5-2, Atlantic Monthly.
4. “University of terror: The Jihadi school on Australia’s doorstep funded by Donald Trump’s friend Saudi Arabia,” Candace Sutton, 2017-6-14, news.com.au.
5. “International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism,” Wikipedia.
6. “If Saudi Arabia Reforms, What Happens to Islamists Elsewhere?” Kamel Daoud, 2017-11-16, New York Tiimes.
7. “German vice-chancellor accuses Saudi Arabia of funding Islamic extremism in the West,” Justin Huggler, 2015-12-6, The Telegraph.