(1)Bacteria are so small that a single round one of acommon type is about 1/25,000 of an in ch across when thesebacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only aslarge as apencil point. 细菌是这样小,一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1/25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔 尖那么大。
(2)There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that,like photographic film,it wil l record pictures and designs. 现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃,它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。
英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许许多多常用的明喻习语。例如:
as long as it′s broad半斤八两;结果一样
as clear as crystal清如水晶
(1)A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如:
to teach fish to swim班门弄斧
to plough the sand白费力气
这些隐喻成语的最大特色就是通过具体的、妇孺皆知的形象来表情达意。请看:a square peg in a roun d hole用“园洞中的方钉”,来说明“不适宜担任某一职务的人”,真是十分恰当;between the devil and the deepsea,一边是魔鬼,另一边是大海,叫人走投无路,十分传神地表达出“进退两难”的境界。
(3)转喻(the metonymy)
转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如:
(1)The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机driv ers)。
(2)The pen is mightier than the sword.文人胜于武士(以pen,sword喻指使用这物的人)。
英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字,除本义外,常可转借喻人,形象生动,意味隽永。例如:
(1)Mrs Smith is nice but her husband is such a bear thatnobody likes him.史密斯夫人和蔼可亲, 但她丈夫为人粗鲁,脾气暴躁,谁都不喜欢他(以兽喻人)。
(2)She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。