4楼pp_dream
(Another day in paradise)
发表于 2013-7-19 22:49
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根据我的这点知识,政府的财政收入来自于税收(公司的和个人的)。地方政府有自己的税收也有联邦政府的拨款(联邦政府拨款一样来自于税收)。这个跟我们国家是一样的。
地方税收中除了个人/家庭所得税以及公司税收,还有一项税收来自于房产税。房产税的大头用于学校,其余用于市政。
social security 养老金应该是来源于social security tax以及投资收益,这是大池子,目前工作的人养活目前退休的人。这跟我们国家还是差不多的。
然后看这些废城和废区(城市废区)是怎么形成的。根据我的见闻,这些废城区大都经历这样的过程:
起初繁荣,人口多,工作机会多;工作机会多,因而人口更多
=〉之后,新型产业迁移到城市外,人口开始迁移出城区
=〉留在城区的人口中,受教育程度偏低的比例增加,犯罪率上升,
=〉更多的人口迁移出城区
=〉城区的税收收入减少,政府投入到市政的钱紧张
=〉渐渐的,这些城区就成为了低保家庭集聚区,犯罪率居高不下。同时,城区房产贬值,造成税收降低然后,
=〉进入死循环的废弃城/区
昨天新闻里说,芝加哥高居不下的犯罪率,今年前半年已经花掉了4000万刀用于警察加班费。都是纳税人的辛苦钱,用在了对付犯罪,还只是警察的加班费就那么多。
费城那些个废区有类似情况,犯罪率居高不下,有能力搬走的家庭不会留在那些地方,于是废区的税收减少,公立学校经费紧张,只能合并。我看这就是个死循环。
再看一个关于底特律的报道:
Detroit has shrunk from its peak population of nearly two million in 1950 to about 700,000 today. Damaged by cuts in state aid and a crash in real-estate values that crimped tax revenue, Detroit in recent years borrowed to meet operating costs as well as long-term liabilities such as pensions and health insurance for city workers.
The city's unemployment rate has nearly tripled since 2000 and is more than double the national average. Detroit's homicide rate is at the highest level in nearly 40 years, and it has been named as one of the most dangerous cities in America for more than 20 years.
Its citizens wait an average of 58 minutes for the police to respond to their calls, compared to the national average of 11 minutes. Only 8.7% of cases are solved, compared to a statewide average of 30.5%.
对于这些废城区,政府税收紧张,捉襟见肘的政府经费用于对付高犯罪率,政府雇员开支,然后就不剩下多少了吧,教育/市政建设等等,估计都顾不上了。.