以下资料来自美国疾控中心CDC
http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HBV/HBVfaq.htm#treatment
How is HBV transmitted?
HBV is transmitted through activities that involve percutaneous (i.e., puncture through the skin) or mucosal contact with infectious blood or body fluids (e.g., semen, saliva), including
* Sex with an infected partner
* Injection drug use that involves sharing needles, syringes, or drug-preparation equipment
* Birth to an infected mother
* Contact with blood or open sores of an infected person
* Needle sticks or sharp instrument exposures
* Sharing items such as razors or toothbrushes with an infected person
HBV is not spread through food or water, sharing eating utensils, breastfeeding, hugging, kissing, hand holding, coughing, or sneezing..
